Science of Reading and Learning Science

Understanding how children learn changes everything. The Science of Reading and broader learning science give us a research-based picture of how the brain develops, how children acquire skills, why some students struggle, and what instructional approaches make the biggest difference. Explore our articles to dig into the evidence.

When Reading and Writing Are Both Hard: Understanding Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and Why They So Often Appear Together

A child who can tell you a detailed story out loud but produces three halting, misspelled sentences on paper isn’t holding back — their brain is working overtime just to get the words down. Here’s why dyslexia and dysgraphia so often travel together, and what actually helps.

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Not All Practice Is Created Equal: Retrieval Practice, Spaced Practice, and Interleaving Explained

Rereading and highlighting feel productive—but they're some of the least effective ways to learn. Here are the three research-backed strategies that actually make memory stick.

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How Memory Works — And Why It Matters for Reading

Most of us think of memory like a filing cabinet — information goes in, you pull it back out. New neuroscience says otherwise. Here's what's actually happening in the brain when a child learns to read, and why background knowledge is doing more work than you think.

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